TB Education and Training Resource Guide—DIAGNOSIS (Printable Version)
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General TB Diagnosis
Diagnosis General TB Diagnosis Diagnosis: Reporting Requirements for Tuberculosis
This fact sheet provides information on TB reporting requirements in New York
City. It explains the importance of epidemiological reporting and identifies factors
that mandate a case to be reported (New York City Department of Health, 2001).
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: fact
sheet, 2 pp
Language: English
Internet link: www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb1f.html
Available from: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,
Tuberculosis Control Program, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968;
www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Diagnosis of Latent TB Infection
and TB Disease 
This fact sheet, available online or via fax only, discusses the
tuberculin skin test and when to suspect TB disease. Specifically, it discusses
administering the tuberculin skin test, interpreting the results, false-positive
and false-negative results, two-step testing, anergy, and interpreting reactions
in persons vaccinated with BCG (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000).
Audience: health professionals, nurses, occupational health and infection
control workers, physicians
Format: fact sheet, 4 pp
Language:
English
Internet link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/dtbefax.htm
Available
from: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
To receive this
document by fax, call 888-CDC-FAXX (888 -232-3299). At the prompt, request item
#250102.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the 21st
Century: An Audio Recording for Clinicians
This course discusses the diagnosis
and treatment of latent TB infection. It presents major risk factors for developing
active TB disease after latent TB infection has been contracted (Francis J. Curry
National Tuberculosis Center, 2000).
Audience: health professionals, nurses,
physicians
Format: audiotape, course
Language: English
Available
from: Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center, 3180 18th St, Ste
101, San Francisco, CA 94110-2028; 415-502-4600; www.nationaltbcenter.edu
Diagnostic Standards and Classification
of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. American Journal of Respiratory and
Critical Care Medicine. 161:1376-1395, 2000
This guideline is intended to
provide a framework and understanding of the diagnostic approaches to TB infection/disease
and to present a classification scheme that facilitates management of all persons
who have had diagnostic tests (American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 2000).
Audience: health professionals, nurses,
physicians
Format: guideline, 20 pp
Language: English
Internet
link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/1376.pdf
Available from: CDC National
Prevention Information Network, PO Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003; 800-458-5231;
www.cdcnpin.org. Request inventory item
#D380.
Testing for Tuberculosis
This fact sheet, available online or via fax only, discusses TB testing for health care
workers, people at high risk, and people with latent TB infection or active TB
disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000).
Audience: health
professionals, occupational health and infection control workers
Format: fact
sheet, 3 pp
Language: English
Internet link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/dtbefax.htm
Available from: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
To
receive this document by fax, call 888-CDC-FAXX (888 -232-3299). At the prompt,
request item #250140.
Tuberculin Skin Testing
Materials providing information on the BCG vaccine are covered in the “Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Other Vaccines” section, beginning page 169. Materials providing information on TB screening appear in the “Screening” section, beginning page 88.
Anergy Skin Testing and Preventive Therapy for HIV-Infected Persons: Revised Recommendations. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 46(RR-15):1-10, September 5, 1997
This CDC guideline replaces
previous recommendations for the use of anergy skin testing together with purified
protein derivative-tuberculin skin testing of HIV-positive persons (Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 1997).
Audience: health professionals,
nurses, physicians
Format: guideline, 19 pp
Language: English
Internet link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/mmwrhtml/maj_guide.htm
Available
from: CDC National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP). Materials
can be ordered in a number of ways: 1) By accessing the online order form at www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb; 2) by calling the
CDC voice and fax information system (recording) toll-free at 888-232-3228, then
pressing options 2, 5, 1, 2, 2; 3) by faxing a request for material to the NCHSTP
Office of Communications at 404-639-8910; or 4) by mailing a request to the CDC
NCHSTP Office of Communications at 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, MS E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Request item #9954-12.
and Massachusetts Medical Society, 860
Winter St, Waltham Woods Corporate Center, Waltham, MA 02451-1411; 800-843-6356;
www.massmed.org. Paper copies of single
issues cost $5.25.
and U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO),
Washington, D.C. 20402; 866-512-1800; www.gpo.gov.
GPO provides a CD-ROM containing MMWRs from 1991 to 1997 for $19. Request item
#017-022 -01418-1.
Diagnosis: Tuberculin Skin Testing for Suspected TB
This fact sheet discusses the use of the TB skin test, explains the importance of delivering
the test to individuals suspected of having TB, and identifies the test’s diagnostic
disadvantages (New York City Department of Health, 2001).
Audience: health
professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: fact sheet, 1 p
Language:
English
Internet link: www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb1c.html
Available from: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,
Tuberculosis Control Program, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968;
www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Infection Control: Tuberculosis Surveillance of Health Care Workers—Tuberculin
Skin Testing
This fact sheet discusses the TB skin test, explains the need to
screen health care workers regularly for TB, and lists those individuals most
likely to be exposed to TB (New York City Department of Health, 2001).
Audience:
health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: fact sheet, 2 pp
Language:
English
Internet link: www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb5b.html
Available from: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,
Tuberculosis Control Program, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968;
www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test
This videotape provides a clear, detailed demonstration of the steps involved in administering
and reading the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2002).
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format:
videotape, 30 min
Language: English
Available from: CDC
National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP). Materials can be ordered
in a number of ways: 1) By accessing the online order form at www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb;
2) by calling the CDC voice and fax information system (recording) toll-free at
888-232-3228, then pressing options 2, 5, 1, 2, 2; 3) by faxing a request for
material to the NCHSTP Office of Communications at 404-639-8910; or 4) by mailing
a request to the CDC NCHSTP Office of Communications at 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, MS
E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333. Request item #00-5457.
and CDC National
Prevention Information Network, PO Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003; 800-458-5231;
www.cdcnpin.org. Request inventory item
#V468.
Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test
This poster illustrates and describes proper tuberculin testing and reading
procedures (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1991).
Audience: health
professionals, physicians
Format: poster, 17" X 14"
Language:
English
Internet link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb
Available from:
CDC National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP). Materials can
be ordered in a number of ways: 1) By accessing the online order form at www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb; 2) by calling the
CDC voice and fax information system (recording) toll-free at 888-232-3228, then
pressing options 2, 5, 1, 2, 2; 3) by faxing a request for material to the NCHSTP
Office of Communications at 404-639-8910; or 4) by mailing a request to the CDC
NCHSTP Office of Communications at 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, MS E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Request item #00-5564.
Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test Class (for MDs, RNs, and LPNs)
This instructional packet was designed to educate health professionals about properly
administering and interpreting the Mantoux skin test for TB (County of San Diego
Health and Human Services Agency, 1996).
Audience: health professionals,
nurses, physicians
Format: instructional packet, 12 pp
Language:
English
Available from: County of San Diego Health and Human
Services Agency, Office of Public Health,
Tuberculosis Control Program, PO Box 85222, San Diego, CA 92816; 619-692-5565;
www.co.san-diego.ca.us/cnty/cntydepts/health/services/tb/index.htm
TB Test Card
This card provides a place for health professionals to record tuberculin
skin test results and, if the patient tests positive, the medical treatment being
administered (North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, 1997).
Audience:
health professionals, Hispanics, nurses, physicians
Format: information
card
Language: English, Spanish
Available from: North Carolina
Department of Health and Human Services, Communicable Disease Control Branch,
TB Control Program, 1902 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1902; 919-733-7286;
www.dhhs.state.nc.us
Tuberculin Skin Testing (TST): Standard Therapy for TB Disease
This information card provides directions for administering and reading the tuberculin skin test (North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, 1998).
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: information card, 4 pp
Language:
English
Available from: North Carolina Department of Health and Human
Services, Communicable Disease Control Branch, TB Control Program, 1902 Mail Service
Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1902; 919-733-7286; www.dhhs.state.nc.us
Tuberculosis Skin Testing (TST): Tools for Training
This collection of training tools, available online only, is designed to help experienced TB nurses and program staff. It includes a section designed for trainers and a section with materials for health care professionals (trainees) (Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis
Center, 2002).
Audience: health educators/communicators, health professionals,
nurses
Format: teaching guide
Language: English
Internet
link: www.nationaltbcenter.edu/catalogue/epub/tst/index.html
Tuberculosis Update and Tuberculin Skin Testing Certification
This teaching guide and pamphlet provide basic information about TB and information regarding TB skin testing certification (Mississippi State Department of Health, 2001).
Audience:
health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: pamphlet, 6 pp; teaching
guide, 14 pp
Language: English
Available from: Mississippi
State Department of Health, Tuberculosis Control Branch, PO Box 1700, Jackson,
MS 39215-1700; 601-576-7400; www.msdh.state.ms.us
Two-Step Testing: Nursing Home and Rest Home Residents
This fact sheet discusses the rationale and procedures for two-step TB skin testing for nursing and rest home residents (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2001).
Audience:
health professionals
Format: fact sheet, 1 p
Language:
English
Available from: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Division
of Tuberculosis Control, 305 South St, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130; 617-983-6970;
www.state.ma.us/dph/dphhome.htm
TB Skin Testing Tools
Practice Arms
BIOLIKE TB Testing Arm Set
These arms, made of the material BIOLIKE™, simulate the touch and feel of skin. Each
arm has four different size indurations and comes with an instruction card.
Audience:
health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Language:
English
Available from: Health Edco, Division of WRS Group, Ltd.,
PO Box 21207, Waco, TX 76702-1207; 800-299-3366 ext 295; www.healthedco.com
Life/Form Advanced Injection Arm
The arm is designed for practicing IV therapy,
phlebotomy, and intramuscular and intradermal injections. Available in white or
black, it includes two quarts of simulated blood, a 3 cc syringe, a 12 cc syringe,
two fluid bags, and a carrying case. Intradermal injections of a specially supplied
fluid will create characteristic skin welts at designated sites on the upper arm.
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format:
tool
Available from: Nasco Health Care Educational Materials, 901 Janesville
Ave, Fort Atkinson, WI 53538-0901; 800-558-9595 or 920-563-2446; www.enasco.com/prod/Home.
For West coast orders: 4825 Stoddard Rd, PO Box 3837, Modesto, CA 95352-3837;
800-558-9595 or 209-545-1600.
See and Touch Arms
These are replicas of full-size arms from fist to above the elbow. The arms come with one of four skin tones, a base to hold the arm, and a carrying case. Sets of two arms are also available
with bases and carrying case.
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Available from: American Respiratory Alliance
of Western Pennsylvania, Cranberry Professional Park, 201 Smith Dr, Ste E,
Cranberry Township, PA 16066; 800-220-1990 or 724-772-1750; www.healthylungs.org
TB Testing Arm Set
This aid is a replica of the upper part of the forearm only.
It is made to lie flat on a table and to fit easily into a brief case or tote
bag. Each arm has four different indurations. A set of one beige and one brown
arm is available.
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Available from: Health Edco, Division of WRS
Group, Ltd., PO Box 21207, Waco, TX 76702-1207; 800-299-3366 ext 295; www.healthedco.com
Skin Testing Rulers
Aplisol for Mantoux Testing
This caliper ruler slides so that pincers can be placed around the induration of an individual’s reaction to the tuberculin skin test. The measurement in millimeters corresponds to the
width of the pincers around the induration.
Audience: health professionals,
nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Available from: Monarch
Pharmaceuticals, 100 18th St, Bristol, TN 37620; 800-776-3637; www.kingpharm.com/default_king.htm
Division of TB Prevention and Control
This caliper ruler is a round disc that swivels to form pincers that can be placed around the induration of an individual’s reaction to the tuberculin skin test. The measurement in millimeters corresponds to the width of the pincers around the induration. One side is solid and the other is clear plastic. The measuring device includes contact information for TB control
in Massachusetts and tips for reading the skin test reaction.
Audience:
health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Available
from: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Division of Tuberculosis
Control, 305 South St, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130; 617-983-6970; www.state.ma.us/dph/dphhome.htm
Don’t Let TB Rule
This caliper ruler is 6.5" X 3.5" with two pieces
that swivel to form large moving pincers. The pincers can be placed around the
induration of an individual’s reaction to the tuberculin skin test. The measurement
in millimeters corresponds to the width of the pincers around the induration.
The measurement device includes tips for reading the skin test reaction, contact
information for the Connecticut American Lung Association and TB program, and
information on who is considered positive.
Audience: health professionals,
nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Available from: American
Lung Association of Connecticut, 45 Ash St, East Hartford, CT 06108-2372; 800-LUNG-USA,
860-289-5407; www.alact.org
State of New York Department of Health Tuberculosis Control
This caliper ruler is a round disc that swivels to form pincers that can be placed around the induration of an individual’s reaction to the tuberculin skin test. The measurement in millimeters corresponds to the width of the pincers around the induration. The back of the
disc includes information on interpretation and contact information for TB control
in New York.
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Available from: New York State Department
of Health, Bureau of TB Control, Corning Tower, Rm 840, Empire State Plaza, Albany,
NY 12237-0669; 518-474-4845; www.health.state.ny.us/home.html
Straight-Edge Ruler (What is Positive?)
This traditional-style ruler has gradations marked in millimeters along the straight edge. It is used to measure the induration of an individual’s reaction to the TB skin test.
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Available from: California
Tuberculosis Controllers Association, 2151 Berkeley Way, Rm 608, Berkeley, CA
94704-1011; 510-540-2722; www.ctca.org
Tuberculin Skin Test Ruler
This straight-edge ruler is used to measure the induration of an individual’s
reaction to the tuberculin skin test. The white ruler provides tips on how to
read the test and a space for local contact information to be inscribed with a
permanent marker (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002).
Audience:
health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Language:
English
Available from: CDC National Center for HIV, STD, and
TB Prevention (NCHSTP). Materials can be ordered in a number of ways: 1) By accessing
the online order form at www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb; 2) by calling the
CDC voice and fax information system (recording) toll-free at 888-232-3228, then
pressing options 2, 5, 1, 2, 2; 3) by faxing a request for material to the NCHSTP
Office of Communications at 404-639-8910; or 4) by mailing a request to the CDC
NCHSTP Office of Communications at 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, MS E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Request item #99-7047.
Tubersol Ruler
This clear straight-edge ruler is used to measure the induration of an individual’s reaction to the tuberculin skin test. The ruler includes four tips on placing, injecting, reading, and recording.
Audience:
health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: tool
Available
from: Aventis Pasteur, Inc., Customer Service, Discovery Dr, Swiftwater,
PA 18370; 800-822-2463, 570-839-5000
Screening
ACHA Guidelines: Tuberculosis Screening on Campus
This fact sheet provides guidelines for screening college
students for TB in the United States (American College Health Association, 1996).
Audience: health educators/communicators
Format: fact sheet, 2 pp
Language: English
Available from: American College Health
Association, Task Force on HIV Disease and AIDS, PO Box 28937, Baltimore, MD 21240-8937;
410-859-1500; www.acha.org
A Guideline for Establishing Effective Practices: Identifying Persons with Infectious TB in
the Emergency Department
This guideline helps emergency department personnel
establish effective TB control practices for early identification of patients
with infectious TB. It describes how to assess and evaluate TB transmission risk
in the emergency department, implement isolation and diagnostic procedures, and
implement TB triage procedures (Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center,
1999).
Audience: health educators/communicators, health professionals,
nurses, occupational health and infection control workers, physicians
Format:
guideline, 59 pp (includes case studies, worksheets, and sample posters)
Language:
English
Internet link: www.nationaltbcenter.edu/catalogue/workplace_tools.cfm
Available from: Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center, 3180
18th St, Ste 101, San Francisco, CA 94110-2028; 415-502-4600; www.nationaltbcenter.edu
Infection Control: Tuberculosis Surveillance of Health Care Workers—Tuberculin
Skin Testing
This fact sheet explains the need to screen health care workers regularly
for TB and lists those individuals most likely to be exposed to TB (New York City
Department of Health, 2001).
Audience: health professionals, physicians
Format: fact sheet, 2 pp
Language: English
Internet link:
www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb5b.html
Available from: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,
Tuberculosis Control Program, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968;
www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Policy and Procedures for Tuberculosis Screening of Health Care Workers
This guideline provides health care facility administrators with a template for policies and
procedures related to screening health care workers for TB and designing, implementing,
and documenting an effective TB screening program for this population (Francis
J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center, 1999).
Audience: health professionals,
managers and supervisors, occupational health and infection control workers
Format:
guideline, 117 pp
Language: English
Available from:
Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center, 3180 18th St, Ste 101, San Francisco,
CA 94110-2028; 415-502-4600; www.nationaltbcenter.edu
Screening for Tuberculosis in Infants and Children. Pediatrics. 93:131-134
This report examines issues related to screening children and infants for TB (American
Academy of Pediatrics, 1994).
Audience: health professionals, physicians
Format: report, 4 pp
Language: English
Available from:
American Academy of Pediatrics, Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent
Health, Committee on Pediatric AIDS, 141 NW Point Blvd, Elk Grove Village, IL
60007; 847-434-4000; www.aap.org
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
4(RR-11), September 9, 1995
This report updates previous recommendations regarding
screening for TB infection and disease among high-risk populations (Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 1995).
Audience: health professionals,
nurses, physicians
Format: report, 15 pp
Language: English
Internet link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/mmwrhtml/maj_guide.htm
Available from: CDC National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention
(NCHSTP). Materials can be ordered in a number of ways: 1) By accessing the online
order form at www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb;
2) by calling the CDC voice and fax information system (recording) toll-free at
888-232-3228, then pressing options 2, 5, 1, 2, 2; 3) by faxing a request for
material to the NCHSTP Office of Communications at 404-639-8910; or 4) by mailing
a request to the CDC NCHSTP Office of Communications at 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, MS
E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333. Request item #00-6617.
and CDC National
Prevention Information Network, PO Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849 -6003; 800-458-5231;
www.cdcnpin.org. Request inventory item
#D372.
and Massachusetts Medical Society, 860 Winter St, Waltham
Woods Corporate Center, Waltham, MA 02451-1411; 800-843-6356; www.massmed.org.
Paper copies of single issues cost $5.25.
and U.S. Government
Printing Office (GPO), Washington, D.C. 20402; 866-512-1800; www.gpo.gov.
GPO provides a CD-ROM containing MMWRs from 1991 to 1997 for $19. Request item
#017-022 -01418-1.
Tuberculin Skin Testing of Inpatients in Connecticut Hospitals: Recommendations of the Connecticut Tuberculosis Elimination Advisory Committee
This report discusses the epidemiology of TB in Connecticut and the state control
of TB through screening and medical treatment. It defines TB, TB infection, HIV,
and TB/HIV co-infection. It provides specific information about state reporting
requirements for TB cases and discusses management techniques for the care of
TB-infected persons (American Lung Association of Connecticut, 1995).
Audience:
physicians
Format: report, 8 pp
Language: English
Available from: American Lung Association of Connecticut, 45 Ash St,
East Hartford, CT 06108-2372; 800 -LUNG-USA, 860-289-5407; www.alact.org
Tuberculosis School Nurse Handbook
This handbook discusses screening school children for TB disease and infection, and administering medications (New Jersey Medical School, National Tuberculosis Center, 2001).
Audience: nurses
Format:
book, 30 pp
Language: English
Internet link: www.umdnj.edu/ntbcweb/pr_frame.html
Available from: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey,
New Jersey Medical School, National Tuberculosis Center, 225 Warren St, First
Fl, West Wing, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ 07101-1709; 973-972 -0979; www.umdnj.edu/ntbcweb
Chest Radiographs
Diagnosis: The Chest Radiograph Following a Positive Tuberculin Skin Test
This fact sheet provides information on the use of chest radiographs
in the TB diagnostic process. It provides guidelines on what to do following a
negative chest radiograph and how employers who require regular chest radiographs
can align their policies with those of New York City, New York state, and the
federal government (New York City Department of Health, 2001).
Audience: health
professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: fact sheet, 1 p
Language:
English
Internet link: www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb1d.html
Available
from: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Tuberculosis
Control Program, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968; www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Radiographic Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Primer for Clinicians
This study guide discusses how to read a chest radiograph and radiographic manifestations
of TB, and presents case studies (Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center,
2002).
Audience: physicians
Format: study guide
Language:
English
Available from: Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis
Center, 3180 18th St, Ste 101, San Francisco, CA 94110-2028; 415-502-4600; www.nationaltbcenter.edu
Sputum Smear Examination
Acid-Fast Direct Smear Microscopy
This information packet is designed to assist laboratories in performing direct
AFB microscopy. It complements laboratory manuals by demonstrating appropriate
technique, emphasizing standard methods, and promoting consistent reading and
reporting of smear results (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001).
Audience: health professionals, Hispanics, lab personnel
Format: information
packet (book, videotape, audiocassette, slide set)
Language: English,
French, Russian, Spanish
Internet link: English: www.phppo.cdc.gov/dls/afb/default.asp
French: www.phppo.cdc.gov/dls/afb/default.asp#t2
Spanish: www.cdc.gov/spanish/enfermedades/tb/baar.htm
Available from: CDC Division of Laboratory Systems, 1600 Clifton Rd,
Atlanta, GA 30333; 800-311-3435, 404-639-3534; www.phppo.cdc.gov/dls/default.asp
Conducting Sputum Induction Safely
This guideline provides TB control staff at
high-risk institutions (e.g., health care facilities, correctional facilities,
shelters) with practice-based guidance on conducting sputum induction safely.
It addresses appropriate engineering controls and proper administrative controls
(Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center, 1999).
Audience: correctional
personnel, health educators/communicators, health professionals, nurses, occupational
health and infection control workers, physicians
Format: guideline, 51
pp
Language: English
Available from: Francis J. Curry
National Tuberculosis Center, 3180 18th St, Ste 101, San Francisco, CA 94110-2028;
415-502-4600; www.nationaltbcenter.edu
Management: Monitoring Sputum During TB Treatment
This fact sheet discusses the use of sputum testing to monitor patients with active pulmonary TB. It provides recommendations regarding when to obtain a sputum specimen and where individuals
can go to receive a sputum induction in New York City (New York City Department
of Health, 2001).
Audience: health professionals, physicians
Format:
fact sheet, 1 p
Language: English
Internet link: www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb2c.html
Available from: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,
Tuberculosis Control Program, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968;
www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Culture Examination
Diagnosis: Culture Negative Tuberculosis
This fact sheet discusses the diagnosis and treatment of TB in patients who do not render
a positive culture from conventional TB practices (New York City Department of
Health, 2001).
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format:
fact sheet, 2 pp
Language: English
Internet link: www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb1i.html
Available from: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,
Tuberculosis Control Program, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968;
www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Diagnosis: False-Positive Cultures for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
This fact sheet discusses proper diagnosis of TB when false-positive cultures are found
in laboratory tests (New York City Department of Health, 2001).
Audience: health
professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: fact sheet, 2 pp
Language:
English
Internet link: www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb1b.html
Available from: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,
Tuberculosis Control Program, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968;
www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Misdiagnoses of Tuberculosis Resulting from Laboratory Cross-Contamination of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Cultures—New Jersey, 1998. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 49(19):413-416, May 19, 2000
This report describes findings from two cases in which TB was misdiagnosed due
to laboratory cross-contamination and summarizes the results of the ensuing investigation,
which demonstrated the value of DNA fingerprinting to identify occurrences of
cross-contamination among patient specimens (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2000).
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format: report,
4 pp
Language: English
Internet link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/mmwrhtml/mmwr_laboratory.htm
Available from: Massachusetts Medical Society, 860 Winter St, Waltham
Woods Corporate Center, Waltham, MA 02451-1411; 800 -843-6356; www.massmed.org.
Paper copies of single issues cost $5.25.
Packaging and Shipping Specimens for Culture of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
This guideline instructs the reader about how to handle a sputum sample for transportation (Mississippi State Department of Health, 1996).
Audience: health professionals, nurses, physicians
Format:
guideline, 1 p
Language: English
Available from: Mississippi
State Department of Health, Tuberculosis Control Branch, PO Box 1700, Jackson,
MS 39215-1700; 601-576-7400; www.msdh.state.ms.us
Recognition and Prevention of False-Positive Test Results in Mycobacteriology
This information packet discusses ways to prevent false-positive readings on TB-related
diagnostic tests. It explains what it means to obtain a false-negative TB test,
why tests sometimes get false readings, what testing conditions may lead to false
readings, ways to prevent false-positive tests, and how recording tools can help
pinpoint false-positive test results (Association of Public Health Laboratories,
1997).
Audience: health professionals, lab personnel, nurses, physicians
Format: information packet (1 book, 1 videotape)
Language:
English
Available from: Association of Public Health Laboratories, 2025
M St, NW, Ste 550, Washington, DC 20036; 202-822-5227; www.aphl.org
Other Laboratory Procedures
Diagnosis: Diagnostic Tests for Tuberculosis
This fact sheet examines recent improvements in TB testing technologies that allow
for faster laboratory diagnosis of TB. It explains how nucleic acid amplification
(NAA) tests have helped laboratories diagnose patients more quickly and outlines
the limitations of NAA tests (New York City Department of Health, 2001).
Audience:
health professionals, lab personnel, nurses, physicians
Format: fact
sheet, 2 pp
Language: English
Available from: New York
City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Tuberculosis Control Program, 125
Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968; www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Diagnosis: Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Tuberculosis
This fact sheet discusses advances in laboratory diagnostic methods, their use and interpretation, and their limitations (New York City Department of Health, 2000).
Audience: health professionals, physicians
Format: fact sheet, 2 pp
Language: English
Internet link: www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb1g.html
Available from: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,
Tuberculosis Control Program, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013; 212-442-9968;
www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/tb/tb.html
Laboratory Practices for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis—United States, 1994. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 44(31):587-589, August 11, 1995
This report summarizes information reported to
proficiency testing programs by laboratories in the United States about their
practices for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 1995).
Audience: health professionals, lab personnel, nurses,
physicians
Format: report, 3 pp
Language: English
Internet
link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/mmwrhtml/mmwr_laboratory.htm
Available from: Massachusetts Medical Society, 860 Winter St, Waltham
Woods Corporate Center, Waltham, MA 02451-1411; 800 -843-6356; www.massmed.org.
Paper copies of single issues cost $5.25.
and U.S. Government
Printing Office (GPO), Washington, D.C. 20402; 866-512-1800; www.gpo.gov.
GPO provides a CD-ROM containing MMWRs from 1991 to 1997 for $19. Request item
#017-022 -01418-1.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Tuberculosis. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 45(43):950-952, November 1, 1996
This report summarizes potential uses of nucleic acid amplification
(NAA) tests for TB diagnosis and provides interim guidelines for the use of such
tests (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1996).
Audience: health
professionals, lab personnel, nurses, physicians
Format: report, 3 pp
Language:
English
Internet link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/mmwrhtml/mmwr_laboratory.htm
Available from: Massachusetts Medical Society, 860 Winter St, Waltham
Woods Corporate Center, Waltham, MA 02451-1411; 800 -843-6356; www.massmed.org.
Paper copies of single issues cost $5.25.
and U.S. Government
Printing Office (GPO), Washington, D.C. 20402; 866-512-1800; www.gpo.gov.
GPO provides a CD-ROM containing MMWRs from 1991 to 1997 for $19. Request item
#017-022 -01418-1.
QuantiFERON-TB®
This fact sheet describes the advantages of testing for TB using QuantiFERON-TB® (Cellestis, Inc., 2002).
Audience: nurses, physicians
Format: fact sheet, 2 pp
Language: English
Available from: Cellestis, Inc., 28005 North Smyth Dr, Valencia,
CA 91355; 661-295-4627; www.cellestis.com
Update: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Tuberculosis. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 49(26):593-594, July 7, 2000
This notice explains that on September 30, 1999, the Food and Drug
Administration approved a reformulated amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Direct (MTD) test for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in acid-fast
Bacille (AFB) smear-positive and smear-negative respiratory specimens from patients
suspected of having TB (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000).
Audience:
health professionals, lab personnel, nurses, physicians
Format: report,
2 pp
Language: English
Internet link: www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/mmwrhtml/mmwr_laboratory.htm
Available from: Massachusetts Medical Society, 860 Winter St, Waltham
Woods Corporate Center, Waltham, MA 02451-1411; 800 -843-6356; www.massmed.org.
Paper copies of single issues cost $5.25.
